Automobiles for off-road use must be durable, simple systems with high resistance to severe overloads and extremes in operating conditions. Vehicle design depends to a large extent on its intended use. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. This is in addition to the consumer costs associated with engineering improvements in fuel economy, which may be offset by reduced fuel purchases. The addition of computer technology was another factor driving up car prices, which increased by 29 percent between 20. New requirements continued to be implemented in subsequent years. According to a study by Ward’s Communications Incorporated, the average cost for a new American car increased $4,700 (in terms of the value of the dollar in 2000) between 19 because of mandated safety and emission-control performance requirements (such as the addition of air bags and catalytic converters). These outstanding technical advancements are not made without economic consequences. Research and development engineers and scientists have been employed by all automobile manufacturers and suppliers to improve the body, chassis, engine, drivetrain, control systems, safety systems, and emission-control systems. New technical developments are recognized to be the key to successful competition. Keys to vehicle buying: How to finance a car With some 70 million new units built each year worldwide, manufacturers have been able to split the market into many very small segments that nonetheless remain profitable. To capitalize on their proprietary technological advances, manufacturers introduce new designs ever more frequently. In recent years, Americans have been offered hundreds of different models, about half of them from foreign manufacturers. About one-quarter of these are in the United States, where more than three trillion miles (almost five trillion kilometres) are traveled each year. Passenger cars have emerged as the primary means of family transportation, with an estimated 1.4 billion in operation worldwide. Some subsystems have come about as a result of factors such as air pollution, safety legislation, and competition between manufacturers throughout the world. Some of these consist of thousands of component parts that have evolved from breakthroughs in existing technology or from new technologies such as electronic computers, high-strength plastics, and new alloys of steel and nonferrous metals. The modern automobile is a complex technical system employing subsystems with specific design functions. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.
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